Guided by the long-term plan for the safe and efficient development of nuclear energy in China, and actively responding to strategic needs in fields such as nuclear and radiation safety of advanced nuclear energy systems, the Department is committed to tackling core technical research problems including radioactive source term analysis and migration mechanisms, shielding physics and optimization design, special monitoring and protection technologies, radioactive waste management, occupational exposure control and environmental assessment, and emergency decision support and management.

The Department has platforms such as a Class B Radiochemistry Laboratory, a Radionuclide Detection and Monitoring Laboratory, a Laboratory for Research on the Transport Behavior of Key Radionuclides, and a Biological Effects Laboratory. It has self-developed an internal and external exposure dose assessment system, a nuclear emergency accident consequence assessment and emergency decision support system, a nuclear accident emergency command and exercise directing system, and a 3D simulation and demonstration software system for a tritium safety containment system. Based on these capabilities, it has established the Anhui Provincial Nuclear Emergency Response Technical Support Center.

The Department currently has more than 50 staff members and students. In recent years, it has led or participated in nearly 100 projects, including national major engineering projects, the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the National Key R&D Program of China, the National Natural Science Foundation of China, and projects of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Anhui Province. It has won one Second Prize of the National Technological Invention Award and one First Prize of the Anhui Provincial Natural Science Award, published more than 100 papers in TOP and high-level SCI journals, and been granted more than 30 national invention patents.